存储器分为内存和外存

存储器分为内存和外存，而外存主要包括硬盘和光盘

内存是计算机中的重要组成部分，用于暂时存放CPU中的运算数据，以及与外部存储器（如硬盘、光盘等）交换的数据。内存主要包括以下几类：

1. 随机存取存储器（RAM, Random Access Memory）：这是最常见的内存形式，用于存储计算机正在处理的数据和程序指令。RAM的特点是数据可以被随机地读写，且读写速度相对较快。然而，RAM中的数据是易失的，即当计算机断电后，RAM中的数据会丢失。

2. 只读存储器（ROM, Read-Only Memory）：ROM中的数据是预先写入并且在制造后不能修改的。它通常用于存储计算机的启动程序（BIOS）或其他关键数据，这些数据在计算机的整个生命周期中都需要保持不变。

3. 高速缓冲存储器（Cache Memory）：Cache是CPU和主内存之间的快速小容量存储器。它的作用是存储CPU最近访问过的数据和指令，以便更快地访问这些数据，从而提高整体性能。

4. 其他特殊类型的内存：除了上述常见的内存类型外，还有一些特殊类型的内存，如显存（用于存储图形数据以加速图形处理）、寄存器（CPU内部的快速存储单元，用于存储临时数据或指令）等。

内存的大小和速度对计算机的性能有重要影响。更大的内存可以存储更多的数据和程序，而更快的内存可以加快数据的处理速度。因此，在选择计算机时，内存的规格和性能是一个重要的考虑因素

Storage is divided into internal and external memory, and external memory mainly includes hard disks and optical disks.

Memory is an important component of a computer, used to temporarily store operational data in the CPU and exchange data with external storage devices such as hard disks and optical disks. Memory mainly includes the following categories:

Random Access Memory (RAM): This is the most common form of memory, used to store data and program instructions being processed by the computer. RAM is characterized by its ability to randomly read and write data, and its relatively fast read-write speed. However, the data in RAM is volatile, meaning it will be lost when the computer is powered off.

Read-Only Memory (ROM): The data in ROM is pre-written and cannot be modified after manufacturing. It is often used to store the computer's bootup program (BIOS) or other critical data that needs to remain unchanged throughout the computer's lifecycle.

Cache Memory: Cache is a fast, small-capacity storage device located between the CPU and main memory. Its role is to store recently accessed data and instructions from the CPU, enabling faster access to these data and thereby improving overall performance.

Other special types of memory: Apart from the common memory types mentioned above, there are also some special types of memory, such as video memory (used to store graphical data to accelerate graphics processing) and registers (fast storage units within the CPU, used to store temporary data or instructions).

The size and speed of memory have a significant impact on computer performance. A larger memory can store more data and programs, while faster memory can accelerate data processing speed. Therefore, the specifications and performance of memory are important considerations when choosing a computer.